Subshell Definition for Electrons

A subshell is a subdivision of electron shells separated by electron orbitals. Subshells are labelled s, p, d, and f in an electron configuration. Subshell Examples Here is a chart of subshells, their names, and the number of electrons they can hold: Subshell Maximum Electrons Shells Containing It Name s 0 2 every shell sharp p 1 6 2nd and higher principal d 2 10 3rd and higher diffuse f 3 14 4th and higher fundamental For example, the first electron shell is the 1s subshell. The second shell of electrons contains the 2s and 2p subshells. Relating Shells, Subshells, and Orbitals Each atom has an electron shell, which is labeled K, L, M, N, O, P, Q or 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, moving from the shell closest to the atomic nucleus and moving outward. Electrons in outer shells have higher average energy than those in inner shells. Each shell consists of one or more subshells. Each subshells is composed of atomic orbitals. Source Jue,  T. Quantum Mechanic Basic to Biophysical Methods. Fundamental Concepts in Biophysics.  Humana Press, 2009, New York.

Why Did The British Lose The Revolutionary War - 1187 Words

Why Did The British Lose the Revolutionary War? Many factors contributed to the British losing the American Revolutionary War. By the 1770’s the American colonists were not socially, religiously, or culturally connected to Britain. The colonists has their own ways of life and thus were not British by culture. The majority of the colonists had immigrated to America to escape the rigid class structures of Britain and Europe. The Americans had lived independently and autonomously from Great Britain since the Puritans arrived in Massachusetts in 1620. They had developed their own patriotism and did not consider themselves to be British subjects. Thus, they no longer wanted or needed Britain, for the British were like foreigners in America. After having years of benign British neglect, and after capably governing themselves, the people in the American colonies were not pleased when the British Parliament decided after the end of the successful end of the French Indian War in 1763 to become more engaged in the American colonists’ affairs. The British government wanted to protect the American colonies from future Indian and other attacks. Consequently, the British Parliament imposed taxation on the colonists in the 1760’s. The colonists resented this intrusion, for they felt they were not truly represented in the British government. Taxation without representation became the rallying cry of the colonists. On July 2, 1776, the American Continental Congress inShow MoreRelatedA Comparison Of The American And Vietnam Revolutionary Wars And The Use Of Insergency1500 Words   |  6 Pages H502 HISTORY OF INSURGENCY: A COMPARISON OF THE AMERICAN AND VIETNAM REVOLUTIONARY WARS AND THE USE OF INSERGENCY CW4 Joseph, Stephen E WOSSE: 16-006B 26 September 2016 Table of Contents A Nation for Change 1 A Revolutionary War 1 Liberating a Revolutionary War 4 BIBLIOGRAPHY 6 A Nation for Change No one person wakes in the morning and decides to tackle years of institutional rule without thinking certain doom, discomfort, or in some cases, death. Citizens living duringRead MoreThe Revolution Of The American Revolution863 Words   |  4 Pagesway is that the colonists that had money and were known as the elite were trying to preserve their power from the British and this is what caused the revolutionary war. 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Rationality and the Ethical Life-Aristotle and Kant Free Essays

What is rationality and the ethical life? According to Aristotle and Kant, they have different views on what these two things mean. Aristotle explained that a virtuous activity has an intermediate position of excess and deficiency and also a mean relative to us. The definition of virtue is a mean, insofar, as it aims at what is intermediate. We will write a custom essay sample on Rationality and the Ethical Life-Aristotle and Kant or any similar topic only for you Order Now Aristotle listed ten virtues in his book that he saw as being most important in becoming a virtuous human being. Aristotle also explained that we must become who we are on our own. Kant explained that humanity is defined as being rational. It is our duty by nature to act morally because we are rational. We have absolute worth because we are human beings. Aristotle and Kant have many similarities and differences in their understandings of the ethical life. Aristotle explained that the virtuous life is the excellent life, which is the happy life, which is the rational life. To be rational, we must practice the ten virtues. Rationality is rooted in our actions. If we see someone doing something out of the norm, we usually conclude that they are irrational. Our actions play a huge role on what we believe in society to be rational or irrational. Aristotle’s understanding of the rational person is someone who practices the ten virtues in a public life because you cannot lead an excellent life if it is a private life. I agree with Aristotle because in order to become rational, you must practice these virtues while interacting with others. Aristotle also believes that the highest good is happiness. Happiness is the human function Happiness is the ultimate end for human beings and happiness alone makes life worth living. However, we must achieve our own happiness by doing something with excellence. Aristotle explains that in order to lead an ethical life, we must leada rational life. Humans are born with the capabilityof becoming virtuous. We must become who we are. Kant explains that because we are human we are rational. All human beings are rational so it is universally shared. Categorical imperative explains tat we must act morally. Our intensions are to be moral when acing and it is our duty, by nature, to act morally. When we act, our intentions are always for goodwill. Kant understood that with rationality comes freedom. When one is rational and free, then one is moral, which explains moral law. Because we are humans, we have absolute worth. I cannot use someone as a means to my ends. Slavery is an example of using humans as a means to some sort of ends. The law of humanity explains that we have absolute worth because we are humans and you cannot put a price on human beings. Kant believes that human beings have absolute dignity and worth because we are human. While studying both the philosophers, I found more differences than similarities in their works. I believe that both philosophers make interesting arguments in what it really means to lead the ethical life. While Aristotle explained that we must become virtuous throughout our lives by interacting with others and leading an excellent life to find happiness. Kant explained that we are born with absolute dignity and worth because we are human. Aristotle and Kant both argue that because we are human, we are rational people. They both believe that because we are human, we have the capability of becoming rational. How to cite Rationality and the Ethical Life-Aristotle and Kant, Papers