Venus and Andy Warhol free essay sample

Botticelli created the beautiful, captivating, and norm breaking Birth of Venus. It depicts the story of the goddess Venus, having emerged from the sea as a full grown woman arriving at the shore. Painted in 1486, and with the medium of tempera on canvas, The Birth of Venus hangs in the Uffizi gallery in Florence Italy. This renaissance painting is huge and is 67. 9 inches tall by 109. 6 inches wide. Andy Warhol’s screen print Venus was done is 1984 and has been mass produced all over the country. There are many critiques and analysis for both of these pieces. Also there is a large amount of comparisons between the two, because they are both of the same goddess. There is a lot of historical background pertaining to Botticelli’s masterpiece because of the era in which it was created: The Renaissance. Sandro Botticelli’s The Birth of Venus is his most famous painting, and was once hung in the Medici Villa. We will write a custom essay sample on Venus and Andy Warhol or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the composition Venus is in the middle drifting towards the sea shore. Venus is nude and at this time in the Renaissance nudity was not common, so is mythological image was risky. To the right of Venus a woman is waiting to clothe Venus, but she is floating away from the woman in her sea shell boat. To her left the god Zephyr and Flora are there to witness her arrival. The use of perspective in this painting is realistic because there is a vanishing point where the sky meets the water. The background is full of natural blues, and the white caps of the ripples in the water lead the viewer’s eyes toward the front of the piece. Shadow and light is used to make curves on the figures rather than outline, which were also becoming new in this period. All of the bodies seem to be very spiritualistic because of how they almost float above the ground. Sandro made the feet of the figures with flexed or almost pointed toes. This adds a really graceful flying look to the people. Also The placement of Zephyr and Flora is cornered so the look as if they are flying into the image. Also the way the clothing seems like it is blowing around the people gives movement to the picture. The subject matter here is a nude woman which is different from the Neo-Platonic rules of society. Mythological scenes in the Renaissance show how the people became more interested in not just religious subject matter, but more of a worldly view on art. In the second half of the fifteenth century portraits of everyday people such as average women, fellow artists and even peasants were more popular and in demand. People of this period became much more aware of themselves, and not just what religion based ideas said. Pop Art is seen as a trend now, because it’s printed on clothing, posters, magazines, bags, and even shoes. In pop art the medium is as important as the message, unlike in renaissance art. Religious paintings were the most common subject in the renaissance period. But The Birth of Venus could be considered pop art of the Renaissance because it was a nude woman and not a religion based fresco style piece. Pop art is supposed to relate to the current times, and when Botticelli painted his masterpiece, people were starting to get worldlier. Andy Warhol was an American painter, print maker, and filmmaker who were one of the best pop artists in history. He has many famous pieces such as his Marilyn Monroe, Eight Elvis’s, Banana, and of course Venus. Eight Elvis’s was sold for 100 million dollars in 1963. He used a technique called screen printing. Screen printing is a technique that uses woven mesh to support an ink blocking stencil. The stencil forms an open area of mesh that can transfer ink or other printable materials which can be pressed through the mesh as a sharp edged image onto a substrate. Then a roller is used to cover the screen stencil and the ink is applied over the woven parts, creating the negative space. This process has become very common today with clothing, fabrics, accessories and posters. Venus is the subject in Warhol’s rendition, but it is just her head. Warhol did many repeated patters of the same image but used different color combinations on each of them. The idea is you buy multiple pieces of the image, but each is a different color. Because this image was a screen print, there are many different colors and color combinations of this one image. For example on one version Venus has a black face with vibrant red, yellow and orange hair. In another version the background is completely black, while Venus is more muted, by this I mean she does not look as bold, but bold colors are still used. She has pale skin, with the same red, yellow, orange vibrant hair only with a clear matte covering over it to give the faded effect. In another popular version the background is purple, and Venus’s face is blue, with the vibrant fire colored hair. The composition of Warhol’s Venus is much simpler than Botticelli’s. It is just her head, neck and a small portion of the top of her left shoulder. She is centered on the rectangular piece with her pony tail flowing to the right and her loose hair around the left side of her neck. She is still making the same facial expression as the original and her body position is still relaxed and comfortable. The line work is very heavy. There is alternating line color and thickness to show her curls in her hair. Also the details of her face are partially done in contour lines. For example the nose and the eyebrows are simple lines but done in a contrasting color of the face. The shadows and highlights on Venus are done in neon colors or hard whites. There is a lot of contrast of color within each screen print. The shadows and line work is all done in a color of an opposite hue. The negative space in the print is always the background. This negative space makes all of the prints go together and look consistent, the negative spaces never change. If these negatives spaces were different in each composition there would be no sense of unity in Warhol’s work. Therefore for his style, space was a key element. Like mentioned earlier, The Birth of Venus was a breakthrough for the late fifteenth century. It was the first art work done to relate to mythological ideas. This went against the Neo-Platonic philosophy and the ancient thought. Mythology does not always correlate with the Christian ideas, but often are similar. The difference is myths are much more fiction based, and made to show symbolism while biblical stories are stated as facts in history. Venus is in a very relaxed contrapposto pose, which at the time was perceived as very sexual. Most paintings at the time the subject was facing to the side or directly forward. And of course not only is Venus standing like this, but she is also nude. This just reassures the viewer that she is a sexual symbol, and is very seductive and beautiful. At the time, this was all new and risky. People began to become more interested with events that were on a more global scale, not just a biblical view. Other pieces like Donatello’s David, caused controversy for the same reasons. He is nude, young, and sexual. Hercules and Antaeus was also a bronze statue with mythical meaning and nudity. When Botticelli painted The Birth of Venus the ruling Medici family was buying Flemish art for their palace. They had tons of tapestries and panel paintings. The Medici family fell in love with his art and he started creating painting for them such as the Primavera and The Birth of Venus. Pop art was a movement that started in Britain and America around the 1950s. â€Å"The Arts and the Mass Media† is another term for pop art and pop culture. The movement is characterized by themes and techniques drawn from popular mass culture, such as television, movies, advertising and comic books. It is easy to understand and easy to see because pop art is iconic, and current. Andy Warhol was alive during the heart of pop culture which made him so famous. At the time people like Marilyn Monroe, Elvis, Annie Oakley, and Albert Einstein were icons so he based his art off of them. His first famous print was of tons of flavors of the traditional red and white Campbell’s soup cans. Everyone can relate to these images, so everyone liked them. Campbell’s soup is a house hold item that the rich, poor and middle class had in common. So when Warhol made the print Venus he transformed it into pop art with a message. The message is to rebel, and be unique because the original painting was. This is a statement to be bold and risky, like the nude Venus. She was iconic in the 1500s and she is now iconic in the twentieth century. Pop art caused lots of controversy in the fifties due to the alcohol bans, civil rights, powerful women, JFK, sex, wars etc. Art was able to be created about all of these issues, and the public was able to see and access it. There are many similarities between The Birth of Venus and Venus. They both mainly represent love and compassion. Venus was the goddess responsible for those two traits. Other than the fact they have the same person in both of them, they are also compositionally alike. They both have a negative space as the background. This allows all the attention to be brought forward in the pieces and on to Venus. She is centered in both images, which makes her the most important and focal point of the pictures. In both Botticelli and Warhol’s art works Venus has red hair, and they both have sexual notions. Each of them are iconic images, by this I mean everyone who looks at either picture knows that this is Venus. Warhol’s Venus is obviously pop art but The Birth of Venus could also be called pop art. This is true because pop art deals with what is important, and current of the time. When there was more of an interest on global art rather than just religious art Botticelli made this piece for the Medici family. Therefore it has the same ideas that are behind the meanings of pop art. On the other hand there are a vast amount of differences as well. For one the medium screen printing was not even available in the late 1500s. Botticelli used tempera on canvas and there is only one original of this masterpiece. In other words Botticelli could not mass produce his picture with the same medium as the original like Warhol can. But that is mainly based on the time and age differences and technology. Botticelli’s colors are more natural and human like while Warhol’s are electric and are high in contrast. The Birth of Venus has natural lighting and shadows brought on by the other figures and setting around her. Venus has shadows in opposite colors and more obscure color combinations. He also uses contour lines, and obvious line work within the face and hair of Venus. Warhol decided to focus only on her head, while Botticelli painted an entire seen and story line with multiple figures. In all, both images are quite amazing. Venus was an amazing goddess who symbolized what society and real people are like. Even though the bible keeps sex, mythology, and love to a minimum does not mean everyone thinks about these thing. Botticelli was just the first to admit and prove it to society. So like pop artist Andy Warhol he followed along with current ideas and made a masterpiece. Warhol is one of the most famous artists of this century; he is like the Rafael, Michelangelo, Botticelli and Leonardo of the 20th century. It’s hard to say which piece I believe is better. They are both so different, but stand for the same beautiful things. I guess it’s just based on which is easier for the viewer personally to relate to.

T.S. Eliot and the Fisher King †Informal American Literature Essay

T.S. Eliot and the Fisher King – Informal American Literature Essay Free Online Research Papers T.S. Eliot and the Fisher King Informal American Literature Essay It is indeed fortunate that Eliot decide to include his Notes on The Waste Land. When one understands that the poem was written in post-World War I Europe, it is much simpler to comprehend much of what Eliot was trying to express. It is also just as (if not extremely more) beneficial to read Eliot’s passage in his Notes that details the influence of Jesse Weston’s From Ritual to Romance and Fraser’s The Golden Bough. The poem The Waste Land is primarily the description of a wasteland, replete with sorrowing subjects and all. However, it carries the promise that through death, life may be born again and the wasteland can be rejuvenated, a theme found in the works of both Weston and Fraser. One of the best examples of the theme of the necessity of death before rebirth is found in lines 71–72. This passage reads: That corpse you planted last year in your garden,Has it begun to sprout? Will it bloom this year? The theme of renewal following loss of life is certainly nothing new. Fraser’s anthropological work, The Golden Bough, describes the creation of primitive religions and mythology. Fraser maintains that these agrarian societies were originally completely dependent on the land and its storms, floods, and seasonal cycles for their lives. Thus, the personification of these phenomena resulted in the gods and spirits of their mythologies. Because of the obvious influence of the productivity of crop and soil, these religions generally were fertility religions. Eliot mentions that he especially drew on the Fraser’s volumes Adonis, Attis, Osiris. Of these, the latter is particularly notable. Osiris was the king of Egpyt who was killed by his jealous brother, Set. Osiris’ wife Isis found his body and blew life back into him with her wings. Osiris then became the god of Nile flood plain fertility and of its harvest. The Egyptians literally thought that each year, Osiris died and his flesh became the harvest. Thus, through a death, life and birth could be sustained. In Eliot’s poem, â€Å"that corpse† was â€Å"planted† in a â€Å"garden† (71). The character in the poem is asking, â€Å"has it begun to sprout? Will it bloom this year?† The corpse is, of course, a death. But, apparently, through this death, fruit may be produced, just as Osiris produces the harvest for the Egyptians. It is also certainly necessary to mention Weston’s book, From Ritual to Romance. This book details the Grail legend and describes it as a fertility myth about this very subject of rebirth through death. The fisher king in the Grail legend lives in a wasteland- a devastated terrain (presumably by famine, but can represent any type of dead and dying land) and he goes on a quest to find the grail to restore vitality to his kingdom. One version of the legend explains how, when the dying fisher king finally discovers the grail and drinks from it, he must die. Through his death, a new, strong, and virile king can arise to restore the wasteland to its former fertility. In the devastation of World War I, it is easy to see why Eliot described Europe as a â€Å"Waste Land.† He was living in an era of extensive devastation and the general outlook on basic humanity was bleak. However, he calls our attention to the nature of Earth’s fertility to assuage our souls. Because of the tilt of the planet, we are able to have extended seasons of warmth proper for growing a bountiful harvest. However, this tilt brings the other extreme- winter. It is a simple necessity for this winter â€Å"death† to occur before the Earth once again renews itself in the summer months. The death and devastation of World War I or any great tragedy can only bring temporary sorrow before life restores itself and we reap a harvest once again. Research Papers on T.S. Eliot and the Fisher King - Informal American Literature EssayMind TravelCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsBringing Democracy to AfricaComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayCapital PunishmentArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Three Concepts of PsychodynamicBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm X

A strategic analysis of jetblue airways

A strategic analysis of jetblue airways The US airline industry trends have caused airline companies, including Jet Blue to struggle for survival. Retirement has caused a shortage of pilots and instructors. Flying schools experience less instructors and hours needed to train new pilots. In 2008, crude oil prices increased to a record $140 per barrel (Thompson, Strickland, federal employees were tasked to handle all airport security. Increased screening for baggage and passengers, size limits on fluids and x-ray inspections. With the additional security measures, came financial burdens to the airline industry. Jet Blue’s strategic intent When Jet Blue’s was founded, David Nelleman wanted air travel to compassionate and fun. The strategic intent was to offer customers a low discount airline carrier with the comforts of home. As the first airline to offer electronic ticketing, Jet Blue wanted to delay its flights instead of canceling them. Agents were allowed to work from home and customers enjoyed gourmet sna cks, coffees, in-seat televisions with satellite radio and movie channels. Jet Blue began to look into increasing the shareholder and customer values with the expansion of New York’s JFK Airport with 8 am and 9 am flights. This was hopeful to Jet Blue executives; they wanted to appeal to younger customers, affluent New Yorkers, and those traveling to New York City. Opening up this new terminal has saved $50 million in labor, fuel, and vouchers. Now, the company serves more than 53 destinations (Thompson et al., 2010). JetBlue’s financial objectives & success in achieving Although Jet Blue’s stock dropped by 50% in the five years, revenues grew 185% between 2003 and 2007, their operating expenses grew 222% during the same period. The loss in revenue was blamed on the cost of fuel (532% increase) and interest expense (658% increase). Jet Blue decided to take a conservative financial strategy in which they maintained high liquid ratios relative to the other major a irlines (Thompson et al., 2010). Jet Blue was millions behind the competitor but developed new equity capital and credit, which was needed to keep the company, and allow them to maintain strong liquidity. Assessment of competitive advantage Cost. JetBlue operates at a lower cost than its competitors. According to Thompson, Strickland & Gamble (2010), JetBlue’s total operating expenses were 12.17 per revenue passenger mile in 2008 versus $18.18 for American Airline, $18.18 for Continental, $20.95 for Delta, $13.85 for Southwest, $19.13 for United, and $21.45 for US Airways. Its planes, such as, the Airbus A320, tended to be newer than those of its competitors resulting in lower maintenance costs and no maintenance-related fines. The company increased flying time by minimizing turnaround time. Reservation agents worked at home resulting in cost savings as compared to a traditional call center. These measures paid off creating a major competitive advantages in the form of low op erating costs that other airlines did not achieve. Organizational culture. JetBlue’s organizational structure was created based on five steps. First, the company’s values were determined. Then, hiring managers selected employees who mirrored the company’s values. Next, the company ensured that the company exceeded employee expectations and to listen to customers. And, finally, the company created a plan to drive excellence. The values established by JetBlue were safety, caring, integrity, fun, and passion. As an example, George Forman grills were set up at the JFK terminal to allow employees to have fun. By only hiring employees that mirrored those values, the company could encourage hiring managers to be creative during the hiring process and to weed out those that would not be a fit. By making these steps an active part of getting work done, JetBlue developed a strong organizational culture.

Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Education - Essay Example 369, 2010). For this reason, secondary schooling is vital to how successful the child is in the future, while he or she is gaining further knowledge or working hard to build a career. Recently, however, experts have observed a failure of schools to prepare their students for the future. They trace this failure down to specifically secondary schools, as the skills and confidence that they consider lacking in the adults of today, are those, which one is supposed to acquire in secondary school (Anderman and Maehr, pp. 287, 1994). One example of this failure was published in the press release in the UK, when FSB Education Chairman Collin Williams pointed out how, "The secondary school system is not producing enough sixteen year-olds that can hit the ground running on their first day in the world of work† (Politics.co.uk, 2007). He explained that he thinks that the British GCSE examination system helps to hide this failure until the student has graduated and is searching employment. However, the truth reveals itself once these students are employed and conducting their duties. The Federation of Small Businesses (FSB) reports the shocking statistics: almost ten percent of the businesses have trouble in finding people to hire who have the required mathematical and literacy skills. The recruits often need training after they are hired, so that they may be taught again, things that they were supposed to have learnt in secondary schools. Apart from this, the FSB also reports the woes of several businesses, who complain about the laws and regulations, which are governing these education policies. They say that when the government changes the minimum working age to eighteen, it should expect a benefit out of this only if it corrects the secondary school system first. According to them, these students will not stand any more a chance of pleasing their employers at the age of 18 than at the age of 16, if they will still receive schooling through the secondary schooling system. They suggest that the secondary schools keep in mind the requirements that the children’s future employers will have of them, before commencing to educate them. They raise this suggestion in the light of the fact that the students, which organizations are currently hiring were not educated with these requirements in mind, which is why they fail to please most employers who entrust them with jobs ((Politics.co.uk, 2007). In addition, one can deduce that the failure of a student to be able to do so can be traced down to the failure of his secondary school. This is because it was a function of the secondary school, as mentioned earlier, to prepare the student for his or her future, may it be as an employee or a university student. Moreover, if this is lacking in the student, then one may blame the secondary schools for this failure. Another aim, which a child has from secondary school, is the need to socialize. A child attends secondary school during the ages of 11 to 1 6 (Vlaardingerbroek, & Taylor, pp. 30, 2009). At this age, a child learns to meet new people, and discover the different kinds of people that are present around him. He starts to discover himself, and figures out what his personality is like. He learns about himself, learns to like himself enough to present himself to the world for acceptance. Equally important, he learns to accept and bear rejection. All of these processes are a significant part of growing up, and they are

Aston manor brewery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Aston manor brewery - Essay Example Reflective Essay The Aston Manor Brewery is a United Kingdom based brewery and beer bottling company. It is situated in Aston, Birmingham, England. The Aston Manor’s major products include cider, beer, and perry. In the year 2008, Aston brewery emerged the third largest cider producing company in the United Kingdom. This rating was based on the market share and in the same capacity, it was rated the fourth largest producer of the same product in the world. Peter Ellis, the son of Doug Ellis is the manager of the Aston Company (Aston Manor Brewery, 2013; Pg. 01). In the year 2008, Frosty Jack’s Cider was the United Kingdom’s leading white cider brands. It is also worth noting that it is among other three Hammer brands. Four former employees of the Ansells founded Aston Manor in the year 1981 after Ansells closed one of its brewery that was known as the Aston Cross brewery. This led to the opening of a new brewery in the nearby lane, the Thimble Mill Lane. In the y ear 1984, Michael Hancocks, the then Herefordshire hop farmer and one of the major suppliers of the company, bought into the business. By the end of the year 1998, Aston Manor reported a profit turnover of ?1 million that included mainly over 70 percent sales of cider. However, by the year ending 2001, the company experienced immense competition leading to a decline of its profit to ?740,500. Nonetheless, by the end of the financial year 2009, the company reported immense profit of ?3 million. This significant increase in profit was pegged on the increased demand for the company’s products in the entire United Kingdom. It is worth noting that during the same year, the company took over the management of the Devon Cider Company that was based in the Tiverton. Devon up to that time had expanded its manufacturing facilities at its site of operation (Martin Information, Ltd, 1900; Pg. 92) and merging these two companies gave the Aston Manor a new face of production come its succe ss. Despite being an international business, the Aston Company remains 100 percent family owned, a factor that makes it deliver the finest products in the market (Aston Manor Brewery, 2013; Pg. 01). Additionally, the company owns over 300 acres of orchards from which it is stocked with Bittersweet apple trees that it uses to produce a wide range of cider drinks that covers the whole market. The products range from high end premium brands of mass market products with the former including Duchy Originals while that latter includes Frosty Jack’s Cider. The main strategic objective of the Aston Manor is to craft a range of ciders to suit everyone and very taste and this will expand the market for all the Aston manor’s products. The Aston Manor is a leading brewery for drinks in a business of its own. It creates its own market as well as distributed a series of cider brands both in the United Kingdom and globally. In all its products, Aston Manor produces a range of quality cider products that are made from sustainable means that are responsible for sourcing customers and markets and this is the means the company intends to expand its market for all its products. It is worth noting Aston Manor is committed to the industry best practice that has accelerated its accentuated membership into the national association of cider manufacturer (NACM). Moreover, it is a member of the British Retail Consortium (BRC) that ensures that it adheres to the global standards for food

Speech Of Life Reason Essay Example for Free

Speech Of Life Reason Essay â€Å"Life is a gift from God and it’s too short, no one can tell when life of an individual will end but God† so me, I enjoy my life every day, every minute, every second or even every millisecond cause that’s the way how I show my appreciation of what God has given to me. Aside from our Lord, I also value the Love that my parents, relatives and fellas give me continuously. That is a massive thing to me because that Love is my strength, power and my bravery to endure life every day. Myself? Do I really know myself? A question that is so easy to answer, but if the answer of your mind is YES well then your mind’s answer is incorrect. For me, the one who knew you most are your pals. How can I say? Simply because there are lot of things that your friends notice in you and you can’t say anything but, â€Å"Oh my God, I’m like that. I’m so sorry† Anyways, this is Ma. Emelyn C. Malabanan speaking in front of you all. I have a simple life and I grew up in a not so rich family but my parents Rafael and Emelita Malabanan did their very best to raise us. They are the two most important people in my life, the reason why I’m striving hard to finish High school up to College so that I can give them back all the goodness that they have given to me. Someday I wish to have a profitable life because I want it to share with them and give them the best life that they didn’t imagined even in their wildest dream. For me, they are the rival teachers and even if they don’t give grades I know that they made me pass because I’m their daughter and that’s how much they love me. I graduated elementary at Saint Raphael Archangel Parochial School but my auntie was the one who paid all the payments there because my parents can’t afford that school. Now, I’m relishing my teenage life because of the people who taught me how to enjoy it.

Tony Kronheiser :: essays research papers

Tony Kronheiser Tony Kornheiser is the self-admitted opinionated, sarcastic sports and style columnist for The Washington Post. Kornheiser's purpose is not to report to the reader an objective account of a sporting event, but rather to add humor to topics that range in topic from the Washington Redskins ("It's Now an Off-Road Vehicle," November 5, 1996) to his lunch-time experience the other day ("In a Real Fix," November 3, 1996). Kornheiser's diction, figurative language, and tone make his columns what they are. Often, diction, figurative language, and tone are not common in the journalistic world, but Kornheiser's humor finds room for them. Tony Kornheiser's sarcasm is almost entirely related to his diction. He contains the skills to take something as insignificant as a restaurant changing on him unexpectedly and reports about it so that the common man can relate. He is The Washington Post's Jerry Seinfeld. He blends the slang of the street man with the poetic verbs and fluid adjectives of an English teacher. For example, in "In A Real Fixe," Kornheiser says, "George was beginning to suspect that we had entered (doo-doo, doo-doo). . . The Nouvelle Dining Zone." Most people who have watched the Twilight Zone before can relate this statement as a reference to the famous TV show, so Kornheiser's slang was effective in grabbing the reader, even if a large majority of them have no idea what the word "nouvelle" means. Kornheiser uses an array of such adjectives throughout his pieces but he does not pretend to be above his readers. He fills his work with colloquial speech such as his references in "It's Now an Off-Road Vehicle" to other Washington Post columnists such as Michael Wilbon, and to his "Redskins Bandwagon." (The Redskins Bandwagon was a common phrase used by Washington Redskins fans when the team won the Superbowl in 1991). Kornheiser assumes that the reader is familiar with him, and that is clear in his informal diction that is used with the reader. It is almost to the point of a friendship, as though a coworker was letting off his steam at work during a lunch break. Kornheiser's figurative speech also add to his style quite well. The blend of diction and figurative speech is clear as Kornheiser uses several local allusions in his metaphors and similes that add to his "common man" image. For example, in "In a Real Fixe," Kornheiser compares the look of a hostess' face to one of a nurse at St. Elizabeth's, a local mental hospital. In that same article he also compares his whole experience to "going down into the Metro and